The smaller black holes are formed when a very big star dies. The star collapses and forms a black hole. For the bigger black holes, called ‘supermassive’, we are still not sure how they were formed
Black holes are what is left after the “death” of the most massive stars in the Universe. The stars need to be massive enough for this to happen. Our Sun, for example, will not become a black hole as it is not massive enough and will instead end up as a tiny fading star, called a white dwarf. But if a star is at least 20 times as massive as our Sun, it will keep burning all of its fuel and shining bright up until the very last moment when there’s no more fuel left, and the star explodes into a beautiful and colourful supernova with a black hole at the very centre.
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