In part it is lots of hard work… getting your undergraduate degree, then your research degree, and then looking for a job. But in part there’s some luck. I got my first academic position just 18 months after completing my PhD at the age of 25.
There are lots of ways you can get into science. You could get a degree in a science subject or you can get on an apprenticeship where you get the experience of working in a lab and a qualification, it is even possible to get a degree paid for by your employer! You need to search hard for these though. Find out which area you want to work in and check for local employers to see what they have to offer and what you need to work there. Best of luck!
The usual path is to do the right A-levels needed at college to then study the relevant degree at University. So for Physics, its important to have A-level Maths. But not all scientists have degrees! A lot of technicians who help keep the equipment running are experts at what they do, but they might have gone down an apprenticeship route or worked for a manufacturing company before hand. To me, as these guys are so important in a lab environment, they’re just as much scientists as those of us who do have degrees
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