Currently, we understand the universe’s energy composition (in terms of energy density) as approximately 5% normal matter, 27% dark matter, and 68% dark energy. This distribution helps explain the universe’s structure and expansion. At earlier times the universe was smaller and the energy density was distributed differently with matter and radiation being more relevant. Very early on there was a hot and dense early phase (the big bang) when there was a mixture of high-energy radiation, elementary particles like quarks and electrons, and dark matter, which set the foundation for the formation of atoms, stars, and galaxies as it expanded and cooled.
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